Development of health monitoring method for pecan nut trees using side video data and computer vision

Optical Review - Increasing efficiency and productivity in the field of agriculture is important to provide sufficient food to the world’s increasing population. It is important to monitor...     

NMR‐based analysis of the chemical composition of Japanese persimmon aqueous extracts

Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) is recognized as an outstanding source of biologically active compounds relating to many health benefits. In the present study, NMR spectroscopy provided a comprehensive metabolic overview of Japanese persimmon juice. Detailed signal assignments of Japanese persimmon juice were carried out using various 2D NMR techniques incorporated with broadband water suppression enhanced through T₁ effects (BB‐WET) or WET sequences, and 26 components, including minor components, were identified. In addition, most components were quantitatively evaluated by the integration of signals using conventional ¹H NMR and BB‐WET NMR. This is the first detailed analysis combined with quantitative characterization of chemical components using NMR for Japanese persimmon. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An Alternative Method for the Stereospecific Synthesis of Conjugated Alkenynes Via the Copper (I) Iodide Assisted Cross-Coupling Reaction of 1-Akyens with Haloalkenes

Conjugated alkenynes were prepared stereospecifically in moderate to good yields by heating haloalkenes with 1-alkynes in the presence of copper(I) iodide in hexamethylphosphoric triamide (HMPA).     

Synthesis of 1-Trimethylsilyladamantane

The title compound was obtained from 1,3-dichloro-adamantane and some silylating reagents with Na-HMPA.     

Effect of hydrogen dilution on the optical properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon-nitrogen films prepared by plasma deposition

The effect of the dilution of silane and nitrogen with hydrogen on the optical properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon-nitrogen films prepared by plasma deposition has been investigated as functions of the gas-volume ratio γ (= ([SiH₄] + [N₂])/([SiH₄] + [N₂] + [H₂]) and the substrate temperature. The prepared films are characterized by the values of the deposition rate, the optical gap, the Urbach energy, the defect density, the integrated infrared absorption intensity and the refractive index, and by correlations between these parameters and the type of hydrogen- and nitrogen-bonding configurations estimated from infrared absorption spectra. The hydrogen dilution effect is discussed in terms of the above and compared with that in hydrogenated amorphous silicon reported in a previous paper by the present authors. It is pointed out that nitrogen atoms incorporated into the silicon network cause more disorder than incorporated hydrogen atoms, from the γ dependence of the Urbach energy and the integrated infrared intensities associated with the hydrogen and nitrogen bondings.     

Absolute configuration of pterocidin,a potent inhibitor of tumor cell invasion from a marine-derived Streptomyces

During the course of screening natural products for the inhibitors of tumor cell invasion, pterocidin, a linear polyketide with a δ-lactone terminus, was rediscovered from a Streptomyces strain of a marine sediment-origin. A series of J-based configuration analyses and NOESY analysis, coupled with chemical derivatization and chiral anisotropy analysis, established the absolute stereochemistry of five asymmetric centers in this compound.     

Evaluation of influence of anisotropic diffusion near a wall in near-field fluorescence correlation spectroscopy of nanoparticles

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) of colloidal nanoparticles using a near-field fiber probe was numerically simulated. The near-wall dynamics was simulated by accounting for the anisotropic mobility of nanoparticles owing to hydrodynamic interaction with a wall (Stokes viscous force). By comparing the simulation results with theoretical model calculations, we found that the influence of anisotropic diffusion is insignificant in near-field FCS autocorrelation analysis.     

Vinyl Polymerization. 274. Polymerization of Acrylonitrile Initiated by the System Tetramethyl Tetrazene and Co(II) Chloride

Abstract

The binary system of tetramethyl tetrazene (TMT) and Co(II) chloride was used as initiator of acrylonitrile (AN) in dimethylformamide. The initial rate of polymerization (Rp) was found to be expressed by Rp = k[TMT]^0.62[Co(II) chloride]^0.57 [AN]^2.00

The polymerization was confirmed to proceed via a radical mechanism. The over-all activation energy for the polymerization was estimated as 15.1 kcal/mole. On the basis of these results and the product analysis of the reaction between the catalyst components in the absence of monomer, the initiation mechanism of the polymerization is discussed.     

Vinyl Polymerization. 439. Vinyl Polymerization Initiated by Poly(Ethylene Glycol] Diglycolic Acid or its Sodium Salt

Abstract

The polymerization of some kinds of vinyl monomer was found to occur in aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene glycol) diglycolic acid (PEG Acid) or sodium poly(ethylene glycol) diglycolate (PEG Acid Na) through radical mechanisms without any further initiator, as a so-called “uncatalyzed polymerization.” Although the initiating radical species for PEG Acid was determined to be the same as that for PEG Acid Na by means of the spin-trapping technique, the initiating ability of PEG Acid was higher than that of PEG Acid Na. These results are assumed to be attributable to the difference in the initiation mechanisms of the two systems and in the incorporating abilities of monomer into the hydrophobic areas formed by PEG Acid and PEG Acid Na.